Approximately 85% to 90% of manganese ore is used in the production of additives for mostly the iron and steel industry. Manganese adds strength and toughness to iron and ferro-manganese and silico-manganese additives are used for their sulfur fixing and deoxidizing properties. Whilst the iron and steel industry certainly have a grip on manganese demand, […]

Lithium-ion batteries are used everywhere, but what does that have to do with cobalt? A lot. In fact, lithium-ion batteries accounted for 57% of the total cobalt demand in 2020. One-fifth of the material in a typical lithium-ion cathode is cobalt, and battery manufactures heavily use it due to its boosting effect in battery charge […]

Copper is an important metal that we heavily rely on for power, lighting, heating, communications, and more. It conducts both heat and electricity very well, and it can be formed and stretched into complex surfaces without breaking due to its high ductility and malleability. These physical properties make copper highly favorable for electrical equipment and […]

Critical minerals are metals and non-metals that are considered vital for the economy and whose supply may be disrupted due to various factors such as supply scarcity, geopolitical risk, environmental factors, recycling potential, and trade policy. Rare earth elements (REEs), lithium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and platinum group metals (PGMs) have become critical minerals as they […]