LNG has in recent years transformed into an exciting fuel market. Decarbonization efforts and policies, low costs, and regulatory pressure to lower toxic gas emissions have driven demand for LNG. Global LNG demand and capacity have grown at 5.1% and 5.8% per year, respectively, in the past decade.
The U.S. has emerged as a major LNG supplier in recent years. This was enabled by the discovery and development of shale gas resources over the past decade. Low shale gas prices and cost-competitive U.S. projects contributed to global LNG supply growth and price declines. These factors, alongside cost-effective transportation and growing new applications, make small-scale and containerized LNG attractive. Decarbonization goals, environmental policies, LNG familiarity, and energy security also boost its appeal worldwide.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognized LNG’s potential. They commissioned the U.S. Energy Association, Gas Technology Institute, and ADI Analytics to assess its use in Central & Eastern Europe. This study focused on 15 countries: Albania, Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The region’s needs are more fragmented than other parts of Europe. Thus, the study limited its scope to small-scale and containerized LNG.
The project was completed in three phases with frequent interactions and consultations with a wide range of stakeholders. The first phase included a series of kick-off workshops with key stakeholders in the region to identify relevant issues and validate the proposed study scope and plans. The second phase was focused on developing the report using a mix of research tools and analytical methods. In addition, interviews with approximately 75 relevant stakeholders across the 15 countries of interest. These included stakeholders from government agencies, U.S. embassy staff, gas and LNG project developers, end-users, and equipment vendors, and regional oil and gas companies. The final phase of the project included a series of virtual workshops to disseminate our findings and facilitate conversations around specific initiatives and projects.
The study has several findings and a few are discussed briefly here:
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